The development of new quality productivity has set new requirements for vocational education. Vocational colleges need to integrate ideological and political education into professional courses to cultivate high-quality talents with both technical capabilities and political literacy. This paper analyzes the connotation of new quality productivity and its reshaping of vocational education, explores the challenges faced by the educational mechanism of Curriculum-based Political and Ideological Education (CPIE), and proposes a “three-dimensional synergy” practical pathway. That is, to effectively promote CPIE through three dimensions: the deep integration of cases with professional content, the enhancement of teaching effects using digitization, and the optimization of the course evaluation system. It aims to provide theoretical support and practical references for the reform of ideological and political education in vocational colleges.