To explore the impact of digital literacy on college students’ entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, this study conducted a questionnaire survey using the Digital Literacy Scale, the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition Scale, and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Scale. A total of 542 valid responses were collected. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between digital literacy and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition among college students (β = 0.856, P < 0.01). Further analysis indicated that innovation and entrepreneurship education plays a positive moderating role in this relationship (β = 0.111, P < 0.01). In other words, the higher the students’ scores in innovation and entrepreneurship education, the stronger the relationship between digital literacy and their ability to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities.