The professional qualities of physical education teachers directly affect the quality of physical education in primary and secondary schools and the achievement of students’ core competencies. However, there are still several prominent problems in the current training system, such as the formalism of school-based teaching research, the lack of professional ethics among some teachers, and the weak ability of teaching reflection. In response to these urgent practical issues, this study proposes the following corrective measures: (1) Establish a “teaching and research” community for physical education teachers, and build an endogenous development mechanism where “teaching” and “learning” mutually promote and coexist; (2) Establish a regular mechanism for cultivating professional ethics, enhancing the professional awareness of physical education teachers; (3) Implement the principle of “practice first,” transforming theoretical learning into guidance, and effectively improving the professional capabilities of physical education teachers in secondary schools, in response to the requirements of modern education.