This study adopts a communication studies perspective, employing Lasswell’s “5W” model as the theoretical framework and integrating the “6W” elements of translation communication to systematically examine the translation and dissemination model of the English version of Mo Yan’s novel “Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out,” translated by Howard Goldblatt. By analyzing key elements such as communication content, translator strategies, dissemination channels, and reader reception, the study elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms behind the work’s successful overseas dissemination. The findings reveal that effective communication stems from the synergistic interplay of four dimensions: the intercultural adaptability of the work itself, the translator’s agential mediation, diversified dissemination channels, and reader-oriented translation strategies. This research provides theoretical and practical insights for promoting Chinese literature globally, demonstrating that successful intercultural communication requires an integrated approach encompassing the work, translator, channels, and reader research.