This study systematically analyzes the influence mechanism of psychological factors on the competition performance of badminton athletes in capital universities through the recent actual participation of university teams in college badminton matches and combined with high-quality literature. The study finds that anxiety, self-efficacy, and factors from audiences and referees are the main influencing variables, and significant gender differences exist. Based on the empirical research results, a psychological intervention program combining mindfulness training, virtual reality technology, and biofeedback training is proposed to provide a scientific basis for psychological training of college badminton athletes.