In today’s era, shadow education is becoming an important form of education in the education system. The pursuit of shadow education among parents and the dependence of students on it heightens its value. However, with the continuous development of shadow education, its profit-seeking nature has begun to appear, and many educational problems are surfacing in the development process. This paper studies shadow education on the basis of Marx’s educational theories, such as the theory of all-round development and game theory. It analyzes the implications of shadow education which are not conducive to social or personal development, in order to continuously improve shadow education, provide better assistance for mainstream school education, and promote the comprehensive development of primary school students.