Against the background of the deep integration of Emerging Engineering Education construction and digital economy, to address the challenges of vague competency standards and fragmented training paths in software engineering talent cultivation, this study first constructs a quantifiable post competency model using the Onion Model as the framework, combined with the Delphi method and coefficient of variation method. Furthermore, based on this model, a three-level progressive competency map of “Basic Competency–Professional Competency–Innovative Application Competency” is designed and refined into observable training indicators throughout the four-year undergraduate program. The research results lay a foundation for the precise industry-education connection and the subsequent construction of smart courses.