Aiming at the problems of hidden dust accumulation in the prevention and control of dust fire hazards in university and research laboratories, the TRIZ theory is applied to construct a systematic solution. Functional defects among the components of the laboratory system are identified via functional analysis, and the core factors leading to dust concentration accumulation are determined in combination with causal chain analysis. By using the contradiction matrix and separation principles, a solution for laboratory dust fire hazards is proposed: gradient filtration devices such as electrostatic electret filters and wire mesh filters are installed in key laboratory areas, and a pulse frequency conversion system is adopted to control the guide vane groups of variable-section ventilation ducts for automatic air duct switching, thus achieving efficient dust collection. This solution significantly reduces the risk of dust explosion and features technical and economic advantages such as low power consumption, high reliability, and easy maintenance, providing solid technical support for laboratory safety protection.