The development of agricultural modernization is an important approach that the country is unwaveringly advancing to boost rural revitalization, accelerate agricultural technological innovation, and seek well-being for the vast number of farmers. The Southern Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, located in the remote northwest, has been committed to the orderly development of agricultural modernization and has achieved a series of outstanding results: continuously improving levels of agricultural mechanization, rapid development of digital agriculture, ongoing improvement of agricultural industrial structure, and increasing levels of green and sustainable agricultural development year by year. However, there are also problems of varying degrees in the process of agricultural modernization in the Southern Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps that require full attention. Against this backdrop, this article takes the lead in exploring the current status of agricultural modernization in the Southern Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, then analyzes the issues faced by the agricultural modernization in the Southern Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and finally proposes a path for the agricultural modernization of the Southern Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: improving the investment and maintenance mechanism for agricultural infrastructure construction; strengthening the support of agricultural talent and technical standards; enhancing the level of green development in modern agriculture; and improving the agricultural socialized service system.