This study, based on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) theoretical framework, aimed to understand the current state of cervical spine sub-health among college students in Guangxi and to explore their cognition, attitudes, behaviors, and influencing factors regarding cervical spondylosis prevention. The goal was to develop more targeted and effective interventions to reduce the occurrence of cervical spondylosis in this population. A questionnaire was designed based on the KAP framework and tailored to the characteristics of the survey subjects. Its reliability and validity were evaluated. Among the 343 Guangxi college students surveyed, 44.3% were found to be in a sub-healthy cervical spine state, while only 55.1% had a healthy cervical spine. The total KAP score reached 70.00, indicating a moderate overall level. The knowledge dimension scored 79.17, generally at the upper-middle level. The attitude dimension scored 80.00, also in the upper-middle range, while the behavioral dimension scored 46.67, indicating a generally low level of behavior. Given the numerous factors influencing cervical spondylosis prevention among Guangxi college students, a multi-factor treatment approach is necessary. It is recommended to establish a three-pronged prevention mechanism involving the government, individuals, and schools.