This study aims to explore the relationship between the driving factors, implementation measures, and effects of financial management digital transformation in the banking industry in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Faced with intense competition driven by advancements in financial technology, evolving customer demands, and policy support, digital transformation has become a critical strategy for enhancing operational efficiency and market competitiveness. Leveraging the researcher’s extensive professional experience and employing scientific research methods and tools, the study conducted an online survey across multiple banking institutions in Jinan, collecting 305 valid responses from senior management, financial department heads, IT personnel, middle management, and financial and audit staff. The questionnaire was designed around key dimensions of financial management digital transformation, including driving factors, implementation measures, and effect evaluation, covering variables such as technology adoption, process optimization, employee training, data security, and organizational adjustments. Quantitative analysis methods, including reliability analysis, validity analysis, descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and chi-square independence tests, were used to ensure data quality and uncover inherent patterns. The findings reveal significant relationships between driving factors (e.g., financial technology advancements, market demand, and policy support) and transformation effects (e.g., operational efficiency, resource allocation, and customer experience), with notable differences in implementation outcomes across different types of banks. Based on these insights, the study provides strategic recommendations for optimizing digital transformation in Jinan’s banking industry, aiming to enhance operational efficiency, improve financial service quality, and support sustainable industry development.