Choosing proper wound dressings for surgical postoperative repair is an important clinical choice with significant implications for healing outcome, complications, and patient quality of life. In this article, we comprehensively compare various wound dressing types commonly employed in surgical wound repair: hydrogel dressings, foam dressings, alginate dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, collagen-based dressings, and antimicrobial dressings. These dressings have unique physicochemical properties, modes of action, and clinical indications. The hydrogel dressings maintain a moist environment for wounds and promote granulation well; foam dressings absorb exudates better than others; alginate dressings exhibit excellent hemostatic properties; collagen-based dressings serve as bioactive scaffolds for tissue regeneration; antimicrobial dressings prevent infections. Evidence derived from comparative studies guides evidence-based dressing selection according to wound characteristics, healing phases, and patient factors. Our analysis offers a practical guide for clinicians to select optimal dressings by considering their efficacy, safety, patient comfort, and cost-effectiveness when repairing surgical wounds.