Higher education increasingly emphasizes the unique role of aesthetic education in cultivating virtue and morality. From the perspective of integrating aesthetic education with teaching, this study develops an analytical framework to explore the theoretical foundations, practical pathways, and teaching mechanisms involved in interdisciplinary aesthetic education course construction at Sichuan University. Employing literature analysis and case studies, the paper systematically examines the theoretical basis of aesthetic education and its contemporary demands in higher education. Specifically, it focuses on Sichuan University’s initiatives in aesthetic education curriculum reform, covering practices such as curriculum design, faculty team development, resource coordination, and collaboration between internal and external institutions. Findings suggest that interdisciplinary aesthetic education courses enrich the content of aesthetic education in universities and enhance students’ overall competence; however, these courses also face challenges like insufficient faculty and inadequate evaluation mechanisms during implementation. Consequently, this paper proposes strengthening top-level design, refining the curriculum system, enhancing faculty training, and improving evaluation mechanisms as recommendations for future improvement. This research aims to provide valuable references for aesthetic education reform in higher education in the new era, significantly contributing to interdisciplinary synergy and the comprehensive educational goal of integrating moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education.