Under the tide of economic globalization, college English teaching should not only focus on the improvement of language ability, but also on the cultivation of students’ critical thinking ability. This paper takes the integration of language learning and critical thinking ability as the breakthrough point, explores the college English teaching mode under the background of the integration of the two, analyzes the current situation and disadvantages of the separation of the two in the current teaching, and puts forward the integration path from the aspects of curriculum design, teacher training, evaluation system, and so on. With the help of activities such as creating real language situations, carrying out debates and critical reading, it helps students strengthen the improvement of logical analysis and critical thinking ability in their gradual learning, realize the coordinated development of language learning and critical thinking ability, and cultivate compound talents with both language literacy and critical thinking ability for the society.