Social governance provides innovative directions for the development of higher education. Based on the integration of higher education and social governance, this study demonstrates the role of College Ideological and Political Courses in advancing social governance. Specifically, it elaborates on three dimensions: the mission of ideological and political education in social governance, its significance in this context, and its value orientation in reflecting the principle of comprehensively governing the country by law. Building on this foundation, the study analyzes the existing shortcomings in the construction of College Ideological and Political Courses. A systematic optimization pathway is proposed, encompassing five aspects: consolidating the foundation for integrating ideological and political education into social governance, driving the evolution of development philosophies to align with contemporary needs, innovating teaching models, strengthening the professional development of faculty teams, and promoting multidimensional advancement of ideological and political education.