In the new era, ideological and political education in colleges and universities shoulders the fundamental task of cultivating talents with moral integrity. Faced with the new situation of students’ diverse ideologies, expanded teaching scenarios, and upgraded educational needs, traditional models of ideological and political education reform have gradually revealed issues such as insufficient coordination and a disconnect between knowledge and practice. Based on this, this paper systematically elaborates on the paths for model innovation from four dimensions: reconstruction of teaching content, innovation in teaching methods, establishment of collaborative mechanisms, and optimization of evaluation systems. It also analyzes the implementation process and key measures through practical cases in colleges and universities. Through this analysis, the aim is to enhance the quality of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and cultivate a new generation of individuals who can shoulder the responsibility of national rejuvenation.