Guided by the China International College Students’ Innovation Competition, higher vocational colleges, as the main position for cultivating technical and skilled talents, need to explore a suitable training path for higher vocational students’ innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities. Therefore, based on the background of the competition, this paper deeply analyzes the current situation and problems of cultivating higher vocational students’ innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities. It proposes paths from aspects such as curriculum system construction, construction of the integration platform of competition and teaching, construction of a diversified teaching team, improvement of the innovation and entrepreneurship work mechanism, and creation of a strong campus cultural atmosphere. The purpose is to promote the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education and teaching in higher vocational colleges through the competition and enhance the core competitiveness of higher vocational students.