With the introduction of the concept of new quality productivity, the field of education is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. New quality productivity emphasizes the leading role of innovation and advocates for a development model focused on high technology, efficiency, and quality. This perspective provides new insights and momentum for reform in mathematics classroom teaching. Through a literature review, this study identifies gaps in existing research and underscores the necessity of further exploration. To improve the effectiveness of mathematics teaching and enhance students’ learning outcomes, the paper explores strategies for the implementation of teaching-assessment integration in mathematics classrooms under the background of new quality productivity. A series of specific implementation strategies are proposed, focusing on teaching design, learning assessment, teaching feedback and adjustments, technological integration and innovation, as well as teacher professional development. This study is of significant theoretical and practical value for guiding mathematics classroom reforms and fostering the overall development of students. The study also highlights potential challenges in the implementation process and offers suggestions for future research.