This article analyzes the symbolic colors red, white, and blue in Lev Tolstoy’s works, exploring their interrelation and educational significance in reflecting the Russian national spirit. The article first reviews the symbolic significance of red, white, and blue in Russian history, and then analyzes in depth the multiple connotations of colors in Tolstoy’s classic works Anna Karenina, War and Peace, and Resurrection. Through the combination of color symbols with characters’ destinies, inner conflict, and historical background, this paper explores how Tolstoy’s literary works reflect the historical changes and national spirit of Russia, especially the important value in education and cultural inheritance, providing a new perspective for the study of literary education and emphasizing the educational role of color symbols in literary works in shaping national spirit and cultural identity.