At present, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the field of education has ushered in new development opportunities and challenges. Higher vocational colleges are in an important position for cultivating high-quality compound technical and skilled talents. Schools promote the realization of educational objectives and improve the quality and efficiency of vocational education through education and teaching management. The development of artificial intelligence promotes the reform of education and teaching management in higher vocational colleges. While education and teaching management have obtained development opportunities, many problems have emerged. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, education and teaching management need to flexibly apply artificial intelligence technology to realize the innovation of teaching methods, the optimization of teaching resources, and so on, and continuously improve the level of education and teaching management. In this regard, from the perspective of artificial intelligence, this paper deeply studies education and teaching management in higher vocational colleges and explores strategies and methods to optimize education and teaching management, in order to provide a useful reference for actual management work.