In recent years, artificial intelligence visual technology has achieved rapid development. With the technical advantages of non-contact collection, high-precision identification, and real-time data analysis, AI visual motion capture creates new possibilities for the innovation of physical education in higher vocational colleges and lays a foundation for constructing career-oriented personalized training programs. Teachers can build career-oriented personalized physical training programs relying on this technology, completely breaking the limitations of traditional training and realizing the transformation of physical training from “unified and extensive mode” to “targeted and personalized mode,” and from general physical fitness training to career-specific physical training. It helps physical education in higher vocational colleges truly serve students’ professional competence development. In view of this, this paper first elaborates the significance of constructing personalized physical training programs in higher vocational colleges empowered by AI visual motion capture under career orientation, and then puts forward a series of feasible construction strategies, so as to provide certain references for relevant researchers.