In 2023, the Ministry of Education fully implemented the School Aesthetic Education Immersion Initiative, charting a new direction for the cultivation of art and design talents in colleges and universities. Against this policy background, the integration of the aesthetic education immersion concept with the collaborative mechanism of design education is crucial to improving the quality of talent cultivation. From the perspective of aesthetic education immersion, this paper systematically sorts out the policy connotation and theoretical foundation of collaborative education, analyzes the prevailing problems in current design education regarding aesthetic education cognition, curriculum system, faculty allocation, and industry-education collaboration, and proposes a “five-dimensional immersion” collaborative education mechanism. Furthermore, it puts forward feasible implementation strategies from the aspects of top-level design, curriculum reform, faculty team building, industry-education integration, and evaluation mechanism, providing theoretical and practical references for the cultivation of design talents in colleges and universities in the new era.