The construction of new engineering disciplines is an important component of the national talent cultivation strategy, and the reform of talent cultivation mode in integrated circuits, as an emerging field of national strategy, has significant practical significance. This article takes the School of Semiconductors and Physics at North University of China as a case study to explore the construction and practice of an integrated circuit talent training system based on the “one quality, three abilities” framework. The research constructs a core framework for talent cultivation consisting of “one quality” (patriotism and engineering ethics) and “three abilities” (professional foundation and self-learning ability, engineering practice and system integration ability, interdisciplinary collaborative innovation ability). The research results show that through the leading position of North University of China in the Shanxi Semiconductor Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, this system has achieved precise alignment between talent cultivation and industry demand. The diversified collaborative education mechanism (including professional teachers, research supervisors, teaching administrators, and counselors) covers the entire talent cultivation cycle, effectively enhancing students’ engineering literacy and innovation ability. This study provides a valuable reform path for the cultivation of integrated circuit talents in the context of new engineering disciplines in local universities.