Pathological specimen sampling is the primary and key link of pathological diagnosis, as well as the most core and basic fundamental skill in the standardized training of resident pathologists. The standardization of sampling directly determines the quality of pathological sections, the accuracy of diagnosis, and the construction of trainees’ clinical pathological thinking. At present, most resident trainees have common problems such as weak sampling concepts, non-standard operations, insufficient lesion identification, and sampling omissions, which constitute the main bottleneck restricting the quality of pathological residency training. Based on the growth law of pathological talents, the Pathology Residency Training Base of Baoding First Central Hospital integrates standardized sampling teaching into the whole three-year residency training, and constructs a characteristic sampling training system of “admission desensitization–ladder-based practical operation–subspecialty competency–quality control review–closed-loop improvement” to target and solve trainees’ problems including weak foundation, random operation and unclear key points. This paper focuses on expounding the core value of standardized sampling in consolidating the foundation of pathological residency training, and summarizes the base’s hierarchical sampling training mode, quality control management measures and practical effects, so as to provide a promotable practical scheme for domestic pathological residency training bases to strengthen basic teaching and improve trainees’ core professional competencies.