The preschool stage is not only an important period for children to receive enlightenment education, but also a golden period for them to learn and accumulate basic musical knowledge. As an educational carrier conforming to children’s cognitive rules and growth characteristics, music picture books feature intuitive and interesting presentation forms and possess strong advantages in content bearing. Their application in preschool music education can provide a new direction and path to get rid of the predicament of traditional preschool music enlightenment education. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the effect of music picture books on improving preschool children’s basic musical knowledge reserve, aiming to provide a reference for improving the effect of preschool music teaching and promoting the reform of preschool education.