With the rapid development of the big data industry, the demand for data mining talents in the market has significantly increased, and higher requirements have been imposed on the practical abilities of these talents. This has compelled schools to accelerate the innovation of teaching methods. Project-based learning has obvious application value in the practical teaching of big data mining. Based on this, this paper takes the textbook Python Data Mining Algorithms and Application Experiments and Course Training Guidance as the core carrier, explores the application path of project-based learning in the practical teaching of big data mining, evaluates the effect of teaching application, builds a systematic teaching system, and designs targeted teaching content and teaching plans. The research results can enhance students’ practical operation ability and teamwork ability, and provide certain references and inspirations for promoting teaching reform.