Outcome-based education (OBE) takes students’ learning outcomes as the core, emphasizing goal-oriented design and continuous improvement, so as to enhance students’ learning and practical abilities. The OBE concept has injected vitality into the teaching reform of energy and power engineering, advocating employment-oriented orientation, optimizing teaching objectives, continuously improving teaching modes, perfecting teaching evaluation systems, and comprehensively improving curriculum teaching quality. This paper analyzes the construction principles of the teaching mode for energy and power engineering under the OBE concept, dissects the current teaching situation, and explores innovative paths for the teaching mode. It elaborates from four aspects: accurately positioning talent training objectives, optimizing teaching content, carrying out project-based teaching, and continuously improving teaching and evaluation systems, aiming to improve the teaching and talent training quality of energy and power engineering.