Objective: To construct a standardized training teaching model for internal medicine residents based on “outpatient competency” and explore its application effects. Methods: Fifty residents undergoing standardized training in internal medicine at our hospital from January 2025 to December 2025 were selected as the study subjects. A self-controlled before-and-after study design was adopted to implement a teaching model based on “outpatient competency.” The outpatient competency scores of residents (including eight dimensions: medical history taking, physical examination, interpretation of auxiliary examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, formulation of treatment plans, doctor-patient communication, medical record writing, and emergency response), theoretical assessment scores, skill assessment scores, as well as the satisfaction of teaching faculty and patients were compared before and after the training. Results: After the training, the scores for each dimension and the total score of outpatient competency among the 50 residents were significantly higher than those before the training (P < 0.05). The theoretical assessment scores (89.63 ± 4.25 points vs 76.32 ± 5.18 points) and skill assessment scores (91.25 ± 3.86 points vs 78.54 ± 4.67 points) also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The standardized training teaching model for internal medicine residents based on “outpatient competency” can effectively enhance residents’ core outpatient competencies, theoretical and skill levels, while improving the satisfaction of teaching faculty and patients. It has high clinical application value and is worthy of promotion.