Against the backdrop of Hainan Free Trade Port development and the integration of cultural, tourism, and sports industries, sports dance—a discipline combining competitiveness, artistry, and market appeal—has seen a growing demand for professionals. However, Hainan’s higher education institutions currently face challenges in sports dance education, including a disconnect between academic training and industry needs, inadequate practical instruction, incomplete dual-qualified faculty structures, and insufficient incorporation of local cultural elements. This study adopts a school-enterprise collaborative education model to analyze the current state of Hainan’s sports dance industry and talent cultivation. It identifies existing barriers in school-enterprise cooperation and proposes a talent development framework featuring “shared objectives, co-designed curricula, faculty sharing, joint practice training, and collaborative evaluation.” The paper also outlines implementation pathways and safeguard mechanisms tailored to Hainan’s regional characteristics, providing theoretical references and practical guidance for cultivating applied, interdisciplinary, and internationally competent sports dance professionals.