The newly revised curriculum standards are guided by core competencies and explicitly state that moral education should be the fundamental task of teaching in all subjects, promoting the integration of moral education from specialized courses to the entire curriculum and the entire teaching process. This paper focuses on the functional positioning of physical education and health courses in the moral education system and systematically analyzes the practical basis and value of integrating moral education into physical education classes. Based on the review of the shift in the curriculum’s educational orientation, it mainly explores the implementation paths and optimization strategies of moral education in physical education and health courses from the aspects of teaching goal construction, teaching process design, classroom organization methods, and evaluation mechanism optimization, aiming to provide feasible practical references for the transformation of middle school physical education from a “skill-oriented” to an “education-oriented” approach.