Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system with a high incidence in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition to typical motor impairment, non-motor symptoms can occur throughout the entire disease course, and mood disorders and gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction are the most common comorbid manifestations. Clinically, Parkinson’s motor symptoms, anxiety and depression, and gastrointestinal somatic symptoms interact with each other, forming a vicious cycle and increasing the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. This article reports a 63-year-old male patient, Guo Zunbo, who successively underwent cataract intraocular lens implantation in the ophthalmology department of the hospital, visited the gastroenterology outpatient clinic multiple times for gastroesophageal reflux, and was diagnosed in the neurology department with primary Parkinson’s disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and comorbid anxiety and depression. After adding Madopar combined with pramipexole, the overall condition improved. This case suggests that when clinically encountering patients with Parkinson’s disease, attention should not be limited to motor manifestations such as tremor and rigidity; clinicians should also actively identify mood and gastrointestinal autonomic impairment, while taking into account comorbidities in geriatric ophthalmology, break the interaction chain among multisystem symptoms, and improve the overall diagnosis and treatment effect in elderly patients with multiple coexisting diseases.