Digital technology is constantly advancing and penetrating into the production, culture, and daily life of society. Digital civilization has become an important form of modern social development. Digital civilization has changed the way people acquire knowledge, the way society operates, as well as people’s thinking patterns, values, and behaviors. At a time when digital transformation brings both opportunities and challenges, how to strengthen subject consciousness, enhance rational capabilities, and achieve modernization of human development has become an important topic that urgently needs to be studied. Starting from the Marxist theory of human all-round development and from the modernity spirit consciousness of people in the context of digital civilization, this article analyzes the new changes in subject consciousness, value rationality, and personality development, and proposes the cultivation path of modernity spirit consciousness, in order to achieve the coordination of digital civilization and human all-round development.