The circuit procuratorial supervision system for ecological and environmental public interest litigation, pioneered by procuratorial organs in Qinghai Province, constitutes a practical inheritance and innovative application of the Fengqiao Experience within contemporary environmental justice. Nevertheless, its targeted application and institutional refinement for human-wildlife conflict governance remain insufficiently examined in extant scholarship. Against this backdrop, this paper takes on-the-ground circuit procuratorial practice and representative local human-wildlife conflict cases in Qinghai’s Sanjiangyuan region as its research footing to systematically explore an integrated governance pathway that embeds circuit procuratorial supervision into human-wildlife conflict administration. It delineates the rational demarcation between procuratorial supervision and administrative discretion, develops standardized institutional norms governing procuratorial oversight of wildlife damage compensation, and mitigates structural tensions between national park ecological conservation and the safeguarding of indigenous residents’ lawful rights and interests. This research fills the theoretical void regarding the deployment of environmental public interest litigation for human-wildlife conflict governance, incorporates endemic plateau institutional features into the modernization of environmental rule of law, and establishes a viable innovative legal governance framework to foster harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.