Over the past century, the Communist Party of China has continuously explored practical guidelines for shaping the ownership structure of the means of production, ultimately formulating the “two unwaverings”, which underpins the development of China’s basic economic system. Looking back at its century-long evolution, this process has involved exploratory practices ranging from initial inception and foundation-laying to the summarization of experience, gradual formation, and comprehensive development. At this new historical juncture, it is necessary to continuously summarize the experience and insights gained from a century of exploration, firmly uphold and implement the principle of the “two unwaverings”, and thereby provide a solid economic foundation and institutional guarantee for realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.