Based on the Langevin equation, this paper constructs a theoretical model of non-reciprocal coupled colloidal particles and systematically studies the transport behavior of particles under asymmetric periodic external potentials and coupled interactions. The second-order Runge-Kutta method is used to numerically solve the motion equations, and the centroid trajectories of the particles are obtained, based on which the effective diffusion coefficient of the colloidal system is calculated. The numerical method for the effective diffusion coefficient provided in this paper offers an effective tool for researchers to understand active matter, biological transport processes, and collective dynamic behaviors in non-equilibrium statistical physics. It holds significant theoretical guiding significance in fields such as intelligent material design and targeted delivery systems.