Objective: This paper aims to systematically review and comment on the concepts, theories, and research methods in the field of psychological bias, with the goal of integrating the existing knowledge system and framework, and pointing out future research and development directions. Methods: Through literature review and retrospective analysis, key studies on psychological bias across multiple disciplines, including cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience, were summarized and evaluated. Results: Conceptually, psychological bias is regarded as a cognitive pattern that systematically deviates from rational judgment criteria; theoretically, it can be primarily explained by dual-process theory, heuristic-systematic model, and cognitive neural mechanisms; research methods encompass experimental paradigms, neuroimaging techniques, and computational modeling. Conclusion: Research on psychological bias necessitates further integration of theory and clinical practice, in-depth exploration of the concept of psychological bias, comprehensive evaluation of theories, combination of research methods with modern high-tech, development of scientific intervention programs, and exploration of the guiding role of psychological bias classification in clinical interventions, to promote precise and efficient development in the field of clinical intervention for mental health.