The key subject of grassroots policy implementation is township cadres, whose administrative efficiency can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of national governance. In the process of implementing the basic farmland protection policy, various factors combined with personal motives such as risk aversion and interest balance will have an effect on the performance of duties of township cadres, such as avoiding the contradictions of people’s livelihood and selectively performing tasks, leading to deviation in policy implementation and tension between cadres and the masses, such as avoiding contradictions related to people’s livelihood and selectively executing tasks, resulting in deviations in policy implementation and tension between cadres and the masses. Based on the theory of power-responsibility relationship, taking X Town as an example, this paper uses the methods of literature analysis and in-depth interviews to explore the influencing factors and correction path of the performance effect of township cadres.