With the rapid development of digital currency, its impact on commercial bank deposit business has become increasingly significant. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the fundamental effects of digital currency on commercial bank deposit business, including the role of digital currency characteristics in driving deposit business transformation and the restructuring of deposit business models. It explores the impact of digital currency on deposit scale, revealing the substitution effect of digital currency and changes in deposit volume, the money multiplier effect, and deposit expansion, as well as shifts in deposit structure and stability analysis. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of digital currency on deposit business operations, including the optimization of deposit processing workflows, the transformation of risk management, and the enhancement of customer service experiences. Finally, strategies for commercial banks to respond to the impact of digital currency on deposits are proposed. The research indicates that digital currency exerts profound effects on commercial bank deposit business, necessitating proactive adaptation through strengthened digital infrastructure, innovative deposit products and services, enhanced risk management, and interbank collaboration to meet the demands of the digital currency era.