Effect of Different Fermented Feed on the Growth, Immunity, and Intestinal Glora of Litopenaeus Vannamei

© 2025 by the Authors. Licensee: Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty Ltd, Australia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Download PDF

Cite

XML

HTML

Abstract

In this research, 8 strains with the capability to produce digestive enzymes or against pathogens were isolated from the shrimps’ gut. To obtain fermented feed with low pH, high content of acid-soluble protein, or high number of viable bacteria, the combination of strain, fermentation conditions was investigated. Then, a six-week feeding experiment in shrimps was conducted using 4 diets (F0: feed without fermentation; F1: fermented feed with low pH; F2: fermented feed with high content of viable bacteria; F3: fermented feed containing acid-soluble protein). At 21 days, T-AOC and SOD in F2 and F3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group; GSH-Px activity in the F1 group and F3 group increased significantly; there are no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the four groups in GOT and GPT. The bacterial groups of the 4 experimental groups in the Phylum are composed mainly of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, and the F1 group had the highest relative proportion of Firmicutes.

References

Niba AT, Beal JD, Kudi AC, et al., Potential of Bacterial Fermentation as a Biosafe Method of Improving Feeds for Pigs and Poultry. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9): 1758–1767.

Hamidoghli A, Seonghun W, Nathaniel WF, et al., 2020, Solid State Fermented Plant Protein Sources as Fish Meal Replacers in Whiteleg Shrimp Litopaeneus vannamei. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020(264): 114474.

Fisheries FAO, 2022, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022.

Vogeley JL, Interaminense JA, Buarque DS, et al., 2019, Growth and Immune Gene Expression of Litopenaeus vannamei Fed Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans Supplemented Diets and Challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture International, 2019(27): 1451–1464.

De Medici D, Croci L, Delibato E, et al., 2003, Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods for Use in Combination with SYBR Green I Real-time PCR to Detect Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in Poultry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6): 3456–3461.

Surajit D, Ward LR, Burke C, 2010, Screening of Marine Streptomyces spp. for Potential Use as Probiotics in Aquaculture. Aquaculture, 305(1–4): 32–41.

Lu X, Yi L, Dang J, et al., 2014, Purification of Novel Bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus coryniformis MXJ 32 for Inhibiting Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens including Antibiotic-resistant Microorganisms. Food Control, 2014(46): 264–271.

Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, et al., 1966, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4): 493–496.

Horwitz W, 2010, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Volume I, Agricultural Chemicals, Contaminants, Drugs. AOAC International, Maryland.

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al., 1951, Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1): 265–275.

Duncombe WG, 1963, The Colorimetric Micro-determination of Long-chain Fatty Acids. Biochemical Journal, 88(1): 7–10.

Pan LQ, Wang KQ, 1997, Studies on Digestive Enzyme Activities and Amino Acid in the Larvae of Portunus trituberculatus. Shuichan Xuebao, 21(3): 246–251.

Yue F, Pan LQ, Xie P, et al. Immune Responses and Expression of Immune-related Genes in Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus Exposed to Elevated Ambient Ammonia-N Stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 157(3): 246–251.

Yeh RH, Chia WH, Kuo LC, 2018, Screening Lactic Acid Bacteria to Manufacture Two-stage Fermented Feed and Pelleting to Investigate the Feeding Effect on Broilers. Poultry Science, 97(1): 236–246.

Marklund S, Marklund G, 1974, Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 47(3): 469–474.

Anderson ME, 1985, Determination of Glutathione and Glutathione Disulfide in Biological Samples, in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 113. Academic Press, Cambridge, 548–555.

Reitman S, Frankel S, 1957, Determination of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28(1): 56–63.

Chiu CH, Guu YK, Liu CH, et al., 2007, Immune Responses and Gene Expression in White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Induced by Lactobacillus plantarum. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 23(2): 364–377.

Liu J, Fang C, Jiang Y, et al., 2009, Characterization of a Hemolysin Gene ytjA from Bacillus subtilis. Current Microbiology, 2009(58): 642–647.

Xie JJ, Liu QQ, Liao S, et al., 2019, Effects of Dietary Mixed Probiotics on Growth, Non-Specific Immunity, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2019(90): 456–465.

Huang ZB, Li XY, Wang LP, et al., 2016, Changes in the Intestinal Bacterial Community during the Growth of White Shrimp, L itopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Research, 47(6): 1737–1746.

Zhang MZ, Pan LQ, Fan DP, et al., 2021, Study of Fermented Feed by Mixed Strains and their Effects on the Survival, Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Intestinal Flora of Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 2021(530): 735703.

Previous article in this issue

Next article in this issue