Kenya and Tanzania passed new mining acts in 2016 and 2010, respectively. This paper intends to compare and analyze the mining acts of two countries from the aspects of legislative background, legislative status, legislative purpose, legislative structure, administrative power setting, mineral rights, environmental protection, and financial regulations. From the above comparison, the paper can see that Kenya and Tanzania are in the same pursuit of economic development, and both pay more attention to the use of tax policies and the supervision of administrative power.