With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, green and safe fresh agricultural products are increasingly favored by consumers. Higher demands are also being placed on the quality and safety of fresh agricultural products, which in turn poses more severe challenges to the application and development of cold chain logistics systems. Tai’an City, as an agricultural powerhouse, also faces many problems in the development of cold chain logistics for fresh agricultural products. Therefore, this paper mainly explores the development strategies for cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products in Tai’an City. By analyzing the current development status and existing problems, this paper proposes improvement strategies from six aspects: infrastructure construction, the informatization level of cold chain logistics, market entities, cold chain logistics service system, talent cultivation, and local standard construction. These strategies aim to promote the rapid development of the cold chain logistics industry for fresh agricultural products in Tai’an City and to truly leverage the important role of cold chain logistics in promoting consumption and improving social well-being.