Translation can play a good role as a carrier for human communication in different regions, which enables people with different types of languages to re-express and exchange ideas according to the original content. Translation can take one language form and adopt another language to express it, to facilitate the readers of the target text to understand the ideas conveyed by the author and generate good feelings. From the perspective of medical papers’ abstracts, English translation activities can facilitate a clear understanding of medical development and a deep understanding of the medical progress in China, and provide reference for the medical industry. This paper starts from the perspective of translating medical thesis abstracts, analyzes the application of fuzzy phenomena in medical papers, and discusses the practice of translating medical thesis abstracts under the background of teleology, aiming at providing a reference for the translation of medical thesis abstracts and ensuring that medical researchers can carry out deep researches.