As the core carrier of the new form of human civilization, Chinese modernization is essentially a systematic process of dynamic evolution in a complex space-time field. Based on Engels’ process theory and Marxist dialectics, this paper systematically explains the philosophical basis and practical path of Chinese modernization. The research shows that the new development pattern has realized the transcendence of the dynamic balanced modernization paradigm, the whole process of people’s democracy has reconstructed the political modernization process, and the new national system has demonstrated the advantages of institutional modernization. The three together build a development paradigm with Chinese characteristics. This study provides a process philosophy perspective for understanding the theoretical innovation of Chinese-style modernization, and also provides a Chinese solution for the reform of the global governance system.