Over the past century, the Communist Party of China has deepened its cultural system reform through four periods: the New Democratic period, the socialist revolution and construction period, the reform, opening up, and socialist modernization period, and the period from the 18th National Congress of the Party to the present. Entering a new era, while significant achievements have been made in cultural system reform, it still faces challenges such as ideological work being impacted by globalization, insufficient optimization of cultural service and product supply mechanisms, comprehensive network governance facing information technology challenges, and the cultural international dissemination system and effectiveness needing improvement. Therefore, efforts should be made to deepen the exploration of cultural system reform paths from aspects such as continuously improving the responsibility system for ideological work, optimizing cultural service and cultural product supply mechanisms, perfecting the comprehensive network governance mechanism, and building a diverse and coexisting cultural international exchange system.