In the context of the new era, the development of education in border ethnic areas can help stimulate the awareness of self-development of border ethnic groups, enhance endogenous development, promote the transformation of old and new dynamics of economic development, and achieve the goal of high-quality development in the new era. A long-term national strategy, the “Enrich the Borders and the People of the Borders Action” has effectively improved the infrastructure construction and living standards of people living in China’s border areas over the past 20 years. It has immensely promoted industrial restructuring, advanced the construction of the “Chinese national community,” and laid a solid foundation for poverty eradication and the overall actualization of a well-off society. However, we also clearly understand that the border areas are passively performing “blood transfusion” to alleviate poverty. Most of the border areas in China are ethnic areas and relatively poor. This paper attempts to explore the education for the ethnic minorities in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics to actualize the development of border areas from passive “blood transfusion” to active “blood creation” development to stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promote the sustainable development and modernization of China’s border areas, and ultimately achieve the goal of high-quality development of border ethnic areas.