Rural revitalization and common prosperity are crucial strategies in the new era, highly consistent with Marxist theories. Currently, rural revitalization faces challenges such as unbalanced urban-rural development  and insufficient sustainable industrial capabilities. Prominent issues include unequal resource allocation, the “hollowing out” of rural areas, and industrial homogenization. To address these, guidance from Marxist systematic thinking is essential. This involves comprehensively promoting the “Five Revitalizations,” facilitating two-way flow of urban-rural elements, synergizing industrial integration with technological innovation to extend the agricultural industry chain, enhancing innovation in county-level government functions to optimize governance models, and refining top-level design using systematic thinking principles. Additionally, coordinated development of rural material and spiritual civilization can be achieved by improving talent policies and innovating cultural cultivation mechanisms, thus advancing balanced urban- rural development and realizing the goal of common prosperity.