Fresh cold chain logistics in the hilly western Jiangxi region has long been subjected to multiple sudden disturbances such as geological disasters during flood seasons and road blockages, making it difficult for land-based transportation modes to ensure stable circulation of characteristic agricultural products. This paper selects Yichun as the research object, reviews local cold chain disturbances, analyzes the deficiencies of traditional land-based cold chain systems, and elaborates on the distinct advantages of unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude logistics under the decentralized production and marketing model in mountainous areas. Four main operation mechanisms are established: hierarchical early warning, capacity dispatching, multi-party coordination, and whole-process temperature control. A practical guarantee system is constructed from four aspects: infrastructure construction, airspace policy, intelligent platform, and talent development.