The development of new quality productive forces largely depends on the data element collaboration within the industrial chain. Industrial measurement digitization serves as the underlying support for integrating quality control throughout the entire chain and releasing the value of data. This paper, from the perspective of the entire industrial chain, analyzes the internal mechanism of how measurement digitization empowers new quality productive forces from four aspects: data foundation, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, inter-chain collaboration, and standard bottom line. It also identifies three practical bottlenecks: the digital gap among chain participants, inconsistent measurement standards, and the absence of a data conversion mechanism. The path of layer-by-layer implementation is proposed through chain leaders’ guidance, unified standards, and data value addition, providing practical reference for the manufacturing industry’s reliance on measurement digitalization to cultivate new quality productive forces.