Against the backdrop of deglobalization, multiple risks such as geopolitical conflicts and public health emergencies have compounded, exposing global supply chains to unprecedented vulnerabilities. This paper focuses on the driving logic and implementation path of supply chain resilience enhancement, with the background of supply chain restructuring caused by deglobalization. Through literature review and logical deduction, the paper systematically analyzes the internal mechanism of four core drivers: risk-driven, strategy-driven, technology-driven and market-driven. This study constructs an integrated resilience enhancement framework encompassing four pillars: layout optimization, operational reinforcement, technological empowerment, and ecosystem co-construction. It delineates the implementation dimensions and core values of each pillar, while revealing the supply chain’s transition from efficiency-centric to security-efficiency equilibrium under anti-globalization trends. This framework provides theoretical underpinnings and practical references for enterprises to mitigate uncertainties and establish sustainable resilient supply chain systems.