With the global economic digital transformation advancing quickly, the supply chain management issues facing the world are increased variability in customer demand, greater complexity within the supply chain processes, and chronic inefficiency bottlenecks. The rapid maturation of artificial intelligence provides a new pathway for optimizing supply chain performance, fundamentally transforming the traditional management paradigm through data-driven and intelligent algorithms. From demand forecasting to resource scheduling and risk early-warning to dynamic decision-making, artificial intelligence obtains significant improvements in response speed and accuracy for the supply chain and accelerated breakthroughs in end-to-end collaborative capabilities. There are still significant challenges during technology implementation, such as data silos, lack of transparency and interpretation in algorithms, and barriers to cross-organizational collaboration that limits its potential. Finding a balance between the incentivization of technology and management innovation has become an avenue within the academic community and industry to explore.